Biological and Aerodynamical Problems of Animal Flight

Abstract

The recurring discussions regarding human flapping flight (if possible, by muscle-power!) have done more harm than good, because they distract attention from other more important subjects. For example, the heed for the faster and larger flying creatures (such as large birds) and for high-speed aeroplanes to reduce speed when necessary, without corresponding loss of lift. All kinds of “ high lift devices ” have been invented for aeroplanes. All are based on the principle of making possible a steeper angle of attack or a higher wing-camber, thus giving greater lift without causing eddies that would lead to a break-away of the airflow on the upper surface.