Authenticated quantum secret sharing with quantum dialogue based on Bell states

Abstract

This work proposes a scheme that combines the advantages of a quantum secret sharing procedure and quantum dialogue. The proposed scheme enables the participants to simultaneously make mutual identity authentications, in a simulated scenario where the boss, Alice, shares a secret with her two agents Bob and Charlie. The secret is protected by checking photons to keep untrustworthy agents and outer attacks from getting useful information. Before the two agents cooperate to recover Alice's secret, they must authenticate their identity using parts of a pre-shared key. In addition, the whole pre-shared key is reused as part of recovering the secret data to avoid any leaks of information. In comparison with previous schemes, the proposed method can efficiently detect eavesdropping and it is free from information leaks. Furthermore, the proposed scheme proved to be secure against man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation attacks, entangled-and-measure attacks, participant attacks, modification attacks and Trojan-horse attacks.