Quantum cryptography is a research field that applies the principles of quantum mechanics to solve cryptographic problems, primarily focusing on secure communication and key distribution. This discipline investigates how quantum phenomena like superposition, entanglement, and the uncertainty principle can be leveraged to design cryptographic systems offering security guarantees based on fundamental laws of physics, often enabling the detection of eavesdropping attempts. Its significance lies in providing theoretically unbreakable security for certain tasks and exploring primitives resilient to both classical and quantum adversaries.