Biosynthesis of prostaglandins.

Abstract

This is a review of the present state of scientific knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of PGs (prostaglandins) both from a mechanistic point of view and from quantitative considerations. It is hoped that this knowledge will provide the background for further study into the enzymes involved and the control and/or inhibition of PG synthesis. It has been known since 1964 that essential fatty acids are precursors of PGs (PGE). Biosynthesis although originally demonstrated in the vesicular gland is not restricted to that gland. Arachidonic acid in guinea pig lungs was shown to give rise to both PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Chemical diagrams illustrate the discussion of the path of PG formation from unsaturated fatty acids. Some antioxidants and metal ions inhibit the conversion of eicosatrienoic acid into PGE1. And recently various fatty acid derivatives have been shown to inhibit PG biosynthesis. The metabolism of PGs into their derivatives and the catabolism of PGs into simpler forms are discussed and diagrammed chemically. Discussion concerns both animal and human studies. PG metabolism in rats is more complicated than in either guinea pigs or humans. Recent experiments showed higher rates of PG synthesis under cold stress.