PubMed · 1993 · 57 citations · 0 references
EngineeringRobotics EngineeringSurgeryMedical RoboticsRoboticsTeleroboticsRobot-assisted SurgerySurgical RoboticsTelemedicineTeleoperated Surgical SystemsTeleoperationTeleoperation ControlMedical TeleoperationRobot TeleoperationTeleoperated SurgeryTeleoperated Surgical RoboticsTeleoperation Control ArchitectureTeleoperation In Robotic SurgeryTelepresence In Surgery
The concepts of teleoperation, telerobotics, and telepresence are presented and defined. Current surgical systems, some in clinical practice and others in prototype demonstration, are used to illustrate each of these principles. The importance and impact of these technologies and their relation to other advanced technologies are illustrated to project a framework for the future of surgery.