Analysis of proteins, polysaccharides, glycosaponins contents of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. and anti-TB evaluation for bio-enhancing/interaction effects of leaf extracts with Isoniazid (INH)

Abstract

Piper sarmentosum Roxb. is a tropical plant used as a vegetable and traditional medicine to cure many ailments. Some constituents of the plant have shown antimycobacterial activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the extracts of different parts of the plant for primary metabolic contents, anti-TB evaluation for bioenhancing, interaction effects of leaf extracts with isoniazid (INH) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For primary metabolic contents, extracts of the plant were evaluated for total proteins, polysaccharides and glycosaponins. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of different parts of the plant have exhibited different contents of total proteins, total polysaccharides and total glycosaponins (P<0.01). Ethanol extracts have shown high contents of proteins and polysaccharides while contents of glycosaponins were high in aqueous extracts. The various extracts of the leaf, petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol exhibited anti-TB activities with MICs at 25, 25 and 12.5µg/ml, respectively. Ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of the methanol extract and isoniazid exhibited MICs at 3.12, 3.12 and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. Isoniazid and both the fractions were combined at a ratio 3: 1, 1: 1 and 1: 3 and evaluated for anti-TB activity. Fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) of the combinations were <0.5 and <4. FICI of 1: 1 combination of isoniazid and ethyl acetate fraction was 0.58, which shows that ethyl acetate fraction and isoniazid possess some synergy but it is not statistically significant. The study indicates the nutritional properties, anti-TB and some bioenhancing properties of the plant.