Practical Applications of Triggers and Constraints: Successes and Lingering Issues

Abstract

From about the mid-1980' s to the mid-1990' s there was a flurry of research activity in the area of database triggers and constraints, seeing the development of numerous research proposals and prototypes. Soon thereafter, most mainstream database products ramped up their support for constraints and triggers, with expressive constraint specifications appearing in the SQL-92 standard, and both constraints and triggers in the SQL-99 standard.