Ocular Lesions in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Disorders with Particular Reference to Retinopathy

Abstract

THE occurrence of ocular lesions of variable severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases who have received long-term chloroquine therapy — usually in large doses — is apparently a well established clinical fact, now documented by many publications. The exact number of patients affected is difficult to determine, because many cases have been described in more than one publication and the criteria for diagnosis have not been standardized. The most significant ocular lesions attributed to chloroquine toxicity are those in the retina, which have been reported by numerous authors.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 The retinopathy that has . . .