Cyanidin-3-O-Sambubioside from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruit Inhibits Metastasis by Downregulating MMP-9 in Breast Cancer Cells MDA-MB-231

Abstract

Anthocyanins play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside isolated from <i>Acanthopanax sessiliflorus</i> fruit on cancer cell metastasis. The inhibitory effect of cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside on angiogenesis was assessed by chorioallantoic membrane and tube formation assays. Cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside interrupted the formation of neovasculature and tube-like structures in a dose-dependent manner. It inhibited the wound healing migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel). Gelatin zymography revealed that cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside significantly decreased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. In additional, cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside exerted an inhibitory effect on Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-sambubioside inhibits metastasis processes, such as angiogenesis and invasion, in breast cancer cells through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity.