Psychosomatic Medicine · 1989 · 56 citations · 15 references
Social SciencesPsychiatryPsychologyIndividual DifferencesPsychiatric AssessmentPsychometricsPersonality AssessmentPsychological AssessmentPsychological TestingPsychosomatic MedicineScale RefinementTrait TheoryClinical PsychometricsClinical Rating ScalesInterview-based ValidationPersonality Trait MeasurementPsychiatric Rating ScalesPsychometric Assessment ValidityScale ScoresSelf-report Measures Of Personality
The MMPI K scale is widely used to screen for invalid responses and to adjust substantive scale scores for defensiveness. In a normal volunteer sample, K‑correction reduced correlations between MMPI clinical scales and the Cook‑Medley Hostility scale with NEO‑PI self‑reports and peer ratings, and in a medical sample, uncorrected HO scores better predicted potential hostility than K‑corrected scores; additionally, in a prospective mortality study of lawyers, uncorrected HO predicted all‑cause mortality while K‑corrected scores did not, suggesting that the K scale may reflect substantive traits rather than defensiveness and should be used cautiously, especially in research with psychiatrically normal subjects.
The MMPI K scale is widely used to screen for invalid responses and to adjust substantive scale scores for defensiveness. In a normal volunteer sample, correlations of MMPI clinical scales and the Cook-Medley Hostility (HO) scale with self-reports and peer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) were decreased rather than increased by K-correction. Similarly, in a medical sample, structured interview-based ratings of Potential for Hostility were better predicted by uncorrected HO scores than by K-corrected HO scores. Finally, in a prospective study of mortality among lawyers, uncorrected HO scores were a significant predictor of all-cause mortality; K-corrected scores were not. The data suggest that, under some circumstances, the K scale may measure substantive traits rather than defensiveness, and should be used and interpreted with caution. Its use is probably contraindicated for most research on psychiatrically normal subjects.
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The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Murray Aitkin, John D. Kalbfleisch, Ross L. Prentice · Biometrics · 1981 · 10K citations