Enhancement of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels and Depression of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels Are Involved in Quercetin-Induced Vasorelaxation in Rat Coronary Artery

Abstract

Quercetin is one of the most common flavonoids in the human daily diet. Its affects the coronary artery, especially L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and voltage-gated K⁺ channels in the arterial smooth muscle cells, which are poorly understood. The present experiments were designed to study the myogenic effect of quercetin and its possible underlying mechanisms in the rat coronary artery. A wire myograph was used to observe the myogenic effects. Arterial smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated from the rat coronary artery and the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration was measured with molecular probe fluo-4-AM. The effects of quercetin on L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and voltage-gated K⁺ channels were studied using a whole-cell patch clamp. Quercetin (3–30 µM) produced a depression and relaxation on the contraction induced by KCl or the thromboxane A2 analog 9,11-Dideoxy-9<i>α</i>,11<i>α</i>-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F<i> _2α </i>. The vasorelaxation was attenuated by 4-aminopyridine, a specific voltage-gated K⁺ channel inhibitor, but was not affected by the NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester ester (a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor), glibenclamide (a ATP-activated K⁺ channel inhibitor), iberiotoxin (a Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel inhibitor), BaCl₂ (an inward rectifier K⁺ channel inhibitor), or by endothelium denudation. At the same concentrations, quercetin reduced the KCl-induced elevation of the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration, inhibited the inward Ca²⁺ currents through L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels, and increased the outward K⁺ currents through voltage-gated K⁺ channels in the rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that quercetin possesses vasospasmolytic effects in RCA and suggest that depression of the Ca²⁺ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and augmentation of voltage-gated K⁺ channel activity in the myocytes may underlie coronary relaxation.