Biochemical Composition in Two Populations of the Mantis Shrimp, Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius 1798) (Stomatopoda, Crustacea)

Abstract

Komposisi Biokimia dari Dua Populasi Udang Mantis, Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius 1798) (Stomatopoda, Crustacea) Udang mantis jenis Harpiosquilla raphidea merupakan salah satu jenis krustase hasil tangkapan bernilai ekonomi pada beberapa daerah pesisir di Indonesia. Namun komposisi biokimia jenis ini belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memepelajari secara kuantitatif unsure-unsur penting yang terkandung dalam daging udang mantis yang berasal dari perairan Kuala Tungkal, Jambi dan Cirebon. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rendemen udang mantis dari kedua lokasi tidak berbeda nyata. Selain itu, udang dari kedua lokasi juga tidak memperlihatkan kandungan mikro mineral (seng, besi dan tembaga) yang berbeda. Namun demikian, udang mantis Kuala Tungkal, Jambi memiliki kandungan natrium, kalium dan kalsium lebih tinggi dibandingkan udang mantis Cirebon. Tetapi, udang mantis Cirebon kandungan magnesiumnya lebih baik. Pemasakan dengan media asam dan dengan proses perebusan akan menghasilkan tingkat kelarutan mineral tertinggi. *) Corresponding author © Ilmu Kelautan, UNDIP ILMU KELAUTAN Maret 2012. Vol. 17 (1) 49-58 Minerals play an important role in biochemical reactions in the body that is as co-enzyme factors. If a mineral deficiency in humans happens, it will cause health problems such as anemia, goiter, osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Minerals in humans needs might be obtained by eating good food derived from plants or animals. The best mineral source is food derived from animal mainly derived from marine animals. Shrimp has great importance in food consumed by human and other organisms. It is valuable in the diet, because apart from supply of good quality proteins and vitamins, it also contains several dietary mineral such as calcium, iron etc, which are beneficial to human and other organisms. Although their frequent consumption is not advisable in general due to allergenic reactions or to its supposedly high cholesterol content, there are much studies encouraging crustacean consumption (Oehlenschlager, 1997; Bugel et al., 2001; Rosa and Nunes, 2003; Gokoolu and Yerlikaya, 2003; Kucukgulmez et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2007; Teixeira et al., 2008; Barrento et al., 2008). Minerals that are required in relatively large amounts in the body are commonly grouped as major or macro elements. These minerals are essential components which are required in enzymatic biochemical activities in the body. The mineral ratios are very important in health at times they could pose as threat if their proportions are high. Mineral content in food is only one initial parameter to assess the quality of these foodstuffs. However, bioavailability is more important. Among the many nutritional components in foodstuffs, minerals play an important role in maintaining the survival of organisms in a healthy and normal metabolism. Bioavailability is the proportion of a nutritional component that can be used to run and maintain normal metabolism in the body (Watzke, 1998; O'Dell, 1984). Minerals can be bioavailable when in the form of dissolved minerals, but not all the dissolved minerals are bioavailable. Dissolved minerals are needed to facilitate the absorption of minerals in the human body (Newman and Jagoe, 1994). Knowledge and information on mineral composition and data on the solubility in the mantis shrimp is very limited, although some researches on fishery resources (crab, fish, cephalopod) have been focused on the meat yield, proximate and biochemical composition (Yomar-Hattori, 2006; Barento et al. 2009, 2010; Laurenco et al., 2009; Aberoumad and Pourshafi, 2010; Afkami et al., 2011). It is well known that the mineral composition of marine invertebrates might be influenced by their nutritional habits, age, sex, season, or habitat condition (Chapelle, 1977; Souchet and Laplante, 2007; Oliveira et al., 2007). Since mantis shrimp populations from different fishing grounds might have distinct mineral composition, the aim of this study was to determine the nutritional quality of Harpiosquilla raphidea harvested in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi and Cirebon coast by determining the meat yield, proximate chemical composition, and macroand micro-minerals. The shrimp commonly lives in muddy bottom in coastal waters around Indonesia, and it is exploited commercially to its economical value. Live mantis shrimp costs around USD 3.5 per individual with a 7-9 inch size (Wardiatno and Mashar, 2010). The shrimp is mostly exported to Hong Kong and Taiwan, but the local market is also increasing in demand. The biological aspects of the shrimp has been studied, i.e. distribution in their habibat (Mashar and Wardiatno, 2011); reproductive aspects (Wardiatno and Mashar, 2010), dynamic population (Wardiatno and Mashar, 2011), etc. Food from the sea like shrimp is usually eaten after cooking and adding flavor, except directly consumed as sushi or sashimi. Boiling is a common cooking method. Boiling is usually done by adding spices that aims to change the taste and increase acceptability. Alipour et al. (2010a) has proved that cooking methods had the beneficial effects on nutritive value of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fillets. Addition of salts and acids such as vinegar (acetic acid) in order to enhance flavor in food is common practice by the community. The second objective of this study is to reveal the influence of boiling in a variety of media (water, acetic acid 0.5% and salt 1%) on the solubility of minerals (Na, Ca, Fe and Zn). This research is expected to result in boiling method that produces the highest solubility of minerals so that the method can be a reference in the processing of fishery products in everyday life. Materials and Methods Location and period of research The main material used in this study is the mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) freshly collected from coastal waters of Jambi and Cirebon. Collections were made by gill-net. The two sampling sites are presented in Figure 1. The research was conducted from February to April 2010. Sample preparation and proximat analysis was conducted in Laboratory of Aquatic Product Microbiology and Laboratory of Aquatic Product Biochemistry in Department of Aquatic Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. While total and mineral solubility analysis were conducted in Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Science in Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University. Biological materials and samples preparation Twenty Harpiosquilla raphidea from the Kuala Tungkal, Jambi Coast and twenty specimens from the Cirebon coast, were collected and transported to the laboratory. Animals were kept under refrigerated conditions (about 5oC) for 1 h to decrease their metabolism before being euthanized. All shrimp samples were measured to get total length and their weight. The total length was measured ILMU KELAUTAN Maret 2012. Vol. 17 (1) 49-58 50 Biochemical Composition in Two Populations of the Mantis Shrimp (Y. Wardiatnoet al.) ILMU KELAUTAN Maret 2012. Vol. 17 (1) 49-58 51 Biochemical Composition in Two Populations of the Mantis Shrimp (Y. Wardiatnoet al.) Figure 1. The two sampling sites where the mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) were collected as indicated by the two arrows. by a vernier caliper (0.05 mm), while the weight is obtained by weighing the sample using a scale (0.01 g). The samples were then washed with fresh running water, crushed and homogenized using a food processor. Samples were subsequently placed into plastic containers and frozen at the freezing temperature of -18 °C, until used for further analysis. Before the sample was placed into the freezer, moisture and ash contents of fresh samples were first analyzed. The plastic tools were intended used in all processes in order to avoid any contamination from processing equipment with trace elements measured.