Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Human-machine Interfaces: New Paradigms in Command and Control

Abstract

Novel human-machine interfaces (HMIs) are being developed at a rapid pace in support of mobile entertainment and productivity. With the significant increase in handheld device use (e.g., smartphones and tablets), innovative means of interaction are supporting use of such technologies to exceed intended functionality to interface with and control a wide range of devices and networks. Phones and tablets now provide a means to monitor and control complex technologies including small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) with hobbyists integrating their platforms with this technology. The benefits of such integration includes intuitive use, low cost, supportable using widely available commercially-off-the-shelf software and hardware, and capability to provide real-time and low latency data exchange supporting improved functionality (e.g., data logging, visualization, processing, and control). Unfortunately, the current regulatory landscape in the U.S. is yet to become conducive to widespread research to explore these options. Until this is resolved, significant progress in HMI research and testing will be difficult to occur. As the paradigm shifts from complex software and hardware interactions to simple, ready-to-use technologies in the operation of sUAS, it will be necessary to evaluate all options available to operators. The purpose of this research was to explore the available technologies and distinctive means in which they are used to support enhanced command and control of sUAS. Within this study, the current literature was surveyed, current and potential technologies were evaluated, and concepts to best utilize these technologies in sUAS are described. The results of this project also includes the identification of regulatory hurdles within the U.S. and suggestions regarding future related research.