Structures of the Dimeric and Monomeric Chromanones, Gonytolides A–C, Isolated from the Fungus <i>Gonytrichum</i> sp. and Their Promoting Activities of Innate Immune Responses

Abstract

Innate immunity is the front line of self-defense against microbial infection. After searching for natural substances that regulate innate immunity using an ex vivo Drosophila culture system, we identified a novel dimeric chromanone, gonytolide A, as an innate immune promoter from the fungus Gonytrichum sp. along with gonytolides B and C. Gonytolide A also increased TNF-α-stimulated production of IL-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.