Nano Letters · 2015 · 92 citations · 35 references
PharmacyPharmaceuticsPharmacologyAnesthesiaBiophotonicsLocal AnesthesiaLiposome-based DeliveryLocal AnestheticsNanocarriers For TherapeuticsNanomaterials For Drug DeliveryNanomedicineTheranostic NanoparticlesLight Delivery StrategiesLight-triggered ReleaseNanorodsPhotothermal Drug ReleasePhotothermal EffectsPlasmonic NanorodsSodium Channel Blocker ToxicitySubcutaneous Infiltration Anesthesia
We report a phototriggerable formulation enabling in vivo repeated and on-demand anesthesia with minimal toxicity. Gold nanorods (GNRs) that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat were attached to liposomes (Lip-GNRs), enabling light-triggered phase transition of their lipid bilayers with a consequent release of payload. Lip-GNRs containing the site 1 sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin and the α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Lip-GNR-TD) were injected subcutaneously in the rat footpad. Irradiation with an 808 nm continuous wave NIR laser produced on-demand and repeated infiltration anesthesia in the rat footpad in proportion to the irradiance, with minimal toxicity. The ability to achieve on-demand and repeated local anesthesia could be very beneficial in the management of pain.
35
Design of Liposomes for Enhanced Local Release of Drugs by Hyperthermia
Milton B. Yatvin, John N. Weinstein, Warren H. Dennis et al. · Science · 1978 · 937 citations