Specific characterization of non‐steroidal selective androgen peceptor modulators using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to ion‐mobility mass spectrometry: application to the detection of enobosarm in bovine urine

Abstract

Currently under development for therapeutic purposes in human medicine, non‐steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (non‐steroidal SARMs) are also known to impact growth associated pathways. As such, they present a potential for abuse in sports and food‐producing animals as interesting alternative anabolic substances. Forbidden since 2008 by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) these compounds are however easily available and could be (mis)used in livestock production as growth promoters. To prevent such practices, dedicated analytical strategies have to be developed for specific and sensitive detection of these compounds in biological matrices. Using an innovative analytical platform constituted of supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to ion mobility‐mass spectrometry, the present study enabled efficient separation and identification in urine of 4 of these drugs (andarine, bicalutamide, hydroxyflutamide, and enobosarm) in accordance with European Union criteria (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC). Besides providing information about compounds structure and behaviour in gas phase, such a coupling enabled reaching low limits of detection (LOD < 0.05 ng.mL −1 for andarine and limits of detection < 0.005 ng.mL −1 for the three others) in urine with good repeatability (CV < 21 %). The workflow has been applied to quantitative determination of enobosarm elimination in urine of treated bovine (200 mg, oral). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.