<scp>AGE</scp>s and <scp>HMGB</scp>1 Increase Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Human Placental Cells, Resulting in an Enhancement of Monocyte Migration

Abstract

PROBLEM: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) are considered contributing to placental inflammation. We examined the effect of AGEs and HMGB1 on cytokines from Sw.71 human trophoblast cell lines and the interactions between Sw.71 cells and THP-1-monocytes. METHODS OF STUDY: Sw.71 cells were cultured with/without AGEs or HMGB1. We examined the role of AGEs or HMGB1 on THP1 migration and effect of AGEs on IL-6 from Sw.71 cells using co-cultures or conditioned medium from THP-1 cells. RESULTS: AGEs and HMGB1 increased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion from Sw.71 cells. The secretion of IL-6 was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB. AGEs stimulated IL-6 secretion through receptor RAGE and TLR4, whereas HMGB1 stimulated it through TLR4. AGEs, but not HMGB1, increased monocyte migration via IL-8 and CCL2 from Sw.71 cells. THP-1 monocytes induced IL-6 secretion from Sw.71 cells, and AGEs further stimulated it. CONCLUSIONS: AGEs and HMGB1 may promote sterile placental inflammation cooperating with monocytes/macrophages.