AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · 2005 · 32 citations · 29 references
Life SciencesMolecular BiologyMolecular GeneticsMolecular EpidemiologyMolecular VirologyVirologyAntiretroviral TherapyAntiviral ResistanceHiv EpidemiologyViral GeneticsViral MutationVirus ClassificationAntiviral Resistance MutationsHiv Clade DiversityHiv Population DynamicsHiv Transmission DynamicsProtease ResistanceResistance-associated Mutations
Partial sequences of HIV-1 polymerase from 185 patients, 141 ARV experienced and 44 naive, of gag (p24) and env (C2V3) from a subset of naive cases were evaluated in São Paulo, Brazil. Antiretroviral resistance mutations were detected in 4% of 26 recently (<2 years) infected patients. Polymorphisms at the protease gene were common both in contemporary and pre-HAART era isolates, some significantly associated with the viral clade. HIV-1 clade B was preponderant, in 79%, with 11% clade F and one case of HIV-1 C. Recently infected women had a significantly higher proportion of non-B clade HIV-1. A mosaic pol was observed in 9%, all B/F except for one G mosaic. A CRF-12-BF structure, observed in 20% of B/F pol mosaics, provides evidence for an epidemic relationship in the major South American metropolitan areas.
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Julie Thompson, Desmond G. Higgins, Toby J. Gibson · Nucleic Acids Research · 1994 · 64.9K citations · Full text
MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.
David Posada, Keith A. Crandall · Bioinformatics · 1998 · 20.1K citations