Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multiple-organ system inflammatory disorder associated with immune system dysfunction. Autoantibodies are produced that react with self-antigens in cell membranes and nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents to produce tissue damage. Commonly observed clinical manifestations include arthritis, myalgia, fever, cutaneous lesions, cytopenia, and renal, CNS, and cardiopulmonary involvement. Minor manifestations can be managed with relatively nontoxic agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical corticosteroids, and antimalarials. Severe disease involving the kidneys, CNS, and cardiopulmonary systems requires the aggressive use of more toxic agents such as high-dose corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. Other supportive and ancillary therapies are also required to manage the complications frequently associated with SLE.