Analysis of lubrication properties of zinc-dialkyl-dithio-phosphate (ZDDP) additive on Karanja oil (Pongamia pinnatta) as a green lubricant

Abstract

Vegetable oils are biodegradable and renewable compared to mineral based lubricants. But they have some unsatisfactory technological properties. This paper is an attempt to appraise the performance of zinc-dialkyl-dithio- phosphate (ZDDP) as additive in Karanja oil to improve its anti-wear and anti-friction properties. The experiments revealed that the additive (ZDDP) added Karanja oil shows better anti-wear and anti-friction properties. Comparative analyses were conducted on the tribological, physical and chemical properties of Karanja oil and additive-added oil (Karanja oil + 2.0 Wt. % ZDDP) and the mineral oil graded SAE20W40. The tribological properties of these oils were evaluated as per ASTM D4172 B. The tribological results of Karanja oil with 2.0 Wt. % ZDDP shows lower values of Coefficient of friction and Wear scar diameter as compared to generally used mineral based oil SAE20W40. The chemical and physical properties of the this oil was also evaluated by following international standard procedure and showed better results as compared to generally used mineral based oil SAE20W40. Keywords—Vegetable oil, wear scar diameter, anti- friction, anti-wear, viscosity index, four ball tester, coefficient of friction, lubricating oil.