Numerical Modelling - Prediction or Process?

TLDR

Geotechnical practice routinely uses modelling software, yet there is confusion over the meaning of “model,” with some interpreting it narrowly as a numerical simulation while others view it as a broader engineering problem‑solving methodology. The paper investigates the definition of “modelling” in depth. The authors review modelling’s purpose and benefits to engineers and present a conceptual framework guiding the modelling process.

Abstract

Introduction Geotechnical software, often referred to as modelling software, is now being used routinely in geotechnical practice. In spite of the extensive use, there seems to be some confusion as to what is meant by the word model. Does it refer to a numerical simulation, as in the phrase, ‘a finite element model’? Taken in this context, modelling is simply the operation of a numerical tool. This is not only too narrow a definition; it also diverts us from a deeper understanding of modelling as a fundamental engineering problem-solving methodology. In this paper, we explore the definition of the word modelling in some depth. We review the purpose and benefits of modelling to the engineer and introduce a conceptual framework that guides us through the modelling process.