MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT CAUSE FACTORS AND IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTERMEASURES

Abstract

An on-scene, in-depth investigation of 900 motorcycle accidents was conducted in Los Angeles, California. Crash tests were conducted to train the research team in accident reconstruction. The accident investigators, who were both motorcyclists and scientists, collected human factors, vehicle and environmental data. Motorcycle rider error was found to be the principal causative factor in 40% of the cases, and violation of the cyclist's right of way in 50% of the accidents. Intersections were found to be particularly dangerous, and motorcycle conspicuity a major problem. In 77% of the multiple vehicle collisions, cars came from the 11:00, 12:00, or 1:00 o'clock position, and the car turning left in front of the oncoming motorcycle was the typical critical accident configuration. Use of headlights is very effective in reducing these types of accidents, as well as the wearing of high-visibility upper torso garments. Equipment such as face shields or goggles are warranted, mainly to aid driver vision. The median pre-crash speed for the involved motorcycles was 30 mph. Most accident-involved cyclists have had no formal training and lack collision-avoidance skills (with braking a particular problem). Helmets are critical in preventing head injuries. Included is a question-and-answer session which followed a film presentation on helmet effectiveness.