Increased Serum Adipokines Implicate Chronic Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Overactive Bladder Syndrome Refractory to Antimuscarinic Therapy

Abstract

Both OAB-dry and OAB-wet patients showed increased serum CRP, NGF, and adipokine levels compared with the controls, suggesting chronic inflammation of the bladder involving both peripheral and central mechanisms in all OAB patients refractory to antimuscarinic therapy. The increased serum adipokine levels were not relevant to medical diseases.