Microwave-Based Noninvasive Concentration Measurements for Biomedical Applications

TLDR

A Debye relaxation model for the permittivity of aqueous glucose solution is given up to 40 GHz, and reflection‑ and transmission‑based techniques are explained for biomedical concentration measurements. Wideband measurements on different sensing structures are introduced, and reflection‑ and transmission‑based sensors are applied to a six‑port reflectometer and a homodyne vector network analyzer. Measurements of aqueous solutions are compared with invasive measurements on over 40 blood samples.

Abstract

A Debye relaxation model for the permittivity of aqueous glucose solution is given up to 40 GHz. Measurements of aqueous solutions are compared with invasive measurements on over 40 blood samples. Reflection- and transmission-based techniques are explained, concerning the application in biomedical concentration measurements. Wideband measurements on different sensing structures are introduced. Reflection- and transmission-based sensors are applied to a six-port reflectometer, as well as a homodyne vector network analyzer.