INTERNAL ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES AT IONOSPHERIC HEIGHTS

TLDR

Upper‑atmosphere irregularities have been observed, but their interpretation remains unclear. The study demonstrates that most upper‑atmosphere observations can be explained by internal atmospheric gravity waves. Gravity‑wave propagation, involving amplification, reflection, inter‑modulation, and dissipation, continuously reshapes the spectrum with height, producing height‑dependent dominant modes and observational signatures. The analysis shows that internal gravity waves can account for most observed motions and that locally generated abnormal waves in the ionosphere can explain unusual motions.

Abstract

Irregularities and irregular motions in the upper atmosphere have been detected and studied by a variety of techniques during recent years, but their proper interpretation has yet to be established. It is shown here that many or most of the observational data may be interpreted on the basis of a single physical mechanism, namely, internal atmospheric gravity waves.A comprehensive picture is envisaged for the motions normally encountered, in which a spectrum of waves is generated at low levels of the atmosphere and propagated upwards. The propagational effects of amplification, reflection, inter-modulation, and dissipation act to change the spectrum continuously with increasing height, and so produce different types of dominant modes at different heights. These changes, coupled with an observational selection in some cases, lead to the various characteristics revealed by the different observing techniques. The generation of abnormal waves locally in the ionosphere appears to be possible, and it seems able to account for unusual motions sometimes observed.