A Wearable Smartphone-Based Platform for Real-Time Cardiovascular Disease Detection Via Electrocardiogram Processing

TLDR

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of global mortality, with cardiac arrhythmia a common type that can raise stroke or sudden cardiac death risk; the ECG is the most widely used tool to diagnose arrhythmia, yet standard resting ECG machines may miss arrhythmias during hospital visits, and Holter monitors, while portable, lack real‑time feedback, requiring offline analysis. In this paper, we seek to unite the portability of Holter monitors and the real‑time processing capability of state‑of‑the‑art resting ECG machines to provide an assistive diagnosis solution using smartphones. Specifically, we developed two smartphone‑based wearable CVD‑detection platforms capable of performing real‑time ECG acquisition and display, feature extraction, and beat classification, and we also provide the same statistical summaries available on resting ECG machines.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of global mortality and is projected to remain so. Cardiac arrhythmia is a very common type of CVD and may indicate an increased risk of stroke or sudden cardiac death. The ECG is the most widely adopted clinical tool to diagnose and assess the risk of arrhythmia. ECGs measure and display the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface. During patients' hospital visits, however, arrhythmias may not be detected on standard resting ECG machines, since the condition may not be present at that moment in time. While Holter-based portable monitoring solutions offer 24-48 h ECG recording, they lack the capability of providing any real-time feedback for the thousands of heart beats they record, which must be tediously analyzed offline. In this paper, we seek to unite the portability of Holter monitors and the real-time processing capability of state-of-the-art resting ECG machines to provide an assistive diagnosis solution using smartphones. Specifically, we developed two smartphone-based wearable CVD-detection platforms capable of performing real-time ECG acquisition and display, feature extraction, and beat classification. Furthermore, the same statistical summaries available on resting ECG machines are provided.