<i>Giardia</i> Cysts and <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Oocysts in Membrane-Filtered Municipal Wastewater Used for Irrigation

Abstract

A wastewater tertiary treatment system based on membrane ultrafiltration and fed with secondary-treated municipal wastewater was evaluated for its Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal efficiency. Giardia duodenalis (assemblages A and B) and Cryptosporidium parvum were identified in feed water but were found in filtered water only during occasional failure of the filtration system.