Greek-Arabic-Latin: The Transmission of Mathematical Texts in the Middle Ages

Abstract

During the Middle Ages many Greek mathematical and astronomical texts were translated from Greek into Arabic ( ca. ninth century) and from Arabic into Latin ( ca. twelfth century). There were many factors complicating the study of them, such as translation from or into other languages, redactions, multiple translations, and independently transmitted scholia. A literal translation risks less in loss of meaning, but can be clumsy. This article includes lists of translations and a large bibliography, divided into sections.