Aerobic fitness and cognitive development: Event-related brain potential and task performance indices of executive control in preadolescent children.

TLDR

The study examined 38 children divided into higher‑ and lower‑fit groups, who completed a flanker task while event‑related potentials and task performance were recorded. Higher‑fit children showed greater accuracy, larger P3 amplitudes, reduced error‑related negativity, and increased error positivity, indicating that aerobic fitness is linked to enhanced executive control and attentional allocation, a general effect unlike the selective relationships seen in adults.

Abstract

The relationship between aerobic fitness and executive control was assessed in 38 higher- and lower-fit children (M-sub(age) = 9.4 years), grouped according to their performance on a field test of aerobic capacity. Participants performed a flanker task requiring variable amounts of executive control while event-related brain potential responses and task performance were assessed. Results indicated that higher-fit children performed more accurately across conditions of the flanker task and following commission errors when compared to lower-fit children, whereas no group differences were observed for reaction time. Neuroelectric data indicated that P3 amplitude was larger for higher- compared to lower-fit children across conditions of the flanker task, and higher-fit children exhibited reduced error-related negativity amplitude and increased error positivity amplitude compared to lower-fit children. The data suggest that fitness is associated with better cognitive performance on an executive control task through increased cognitive control, resulting in greater allocation of attentional resources during stimulus encoding and a subsequent reduction in conflict during response selection. The findings differ from those observed in adult populations by indicating a general rather than a selective relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition.