Applied Optics · 2010 · 30 citations · 16 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectronic MaterialsSemiconductor MaterialsThin FilmsConductive MaterialsDopingOxide SemiconductorsSemiconductor Thin FilmsThin Film Electrical PropertiesThin-film MaterialsConductivity In Thin FilmsElectrical PropertiesHydrogen EffectsResistivityTransparent Conducting FilmsTransparent Conducting MaterialsTransparent Conductive FilmsZinc Oxides
Low resistivity and high transmittance of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conductive thin films have been achieved by use of pulsed dc magnetron sputtering in a hydrogen environment at room temperature. The addition of hydrogen to the sputtering gas can reduce the resistivity of the films and improve their electrical properties compared to those prepared without H2, because the hydrogen acts a shallow donor. The average transmittance was over 85% in the visible region, and the lowest resistivity of the AZO and GZO films was 4.01×10(-4) (Ω-cm) and 4.39×10(-4) (Ω-cm), respectively.
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Anomalous Optical Absorption Limit in InSb
Elias Burstein · Physical Review · 1954 · 3.9K citations
Natural Sciences, Physics, Optics +10
Hydrogen as a Cause of Doping in Zinc Oxide
Chris G. Van de Walle · Physical Review Letters · 2000 · 2.2K citations · Full text
Residual Native Shallow Donor in ZnO
D. C. Look, J. W. Hemsky, J. R. Sizelove · Physical Review Letters · 1999 · 1.1K citations
Natural Sciences, Materials Engineering, Materials Science +9