Planning to Include the Public

Abstract

The following research is a Virginia case study evaluating planning processes as they implement the following legislation: NEPA (the National Environmental Policy Act), 1969, ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act), 1991, and TEA-21 (Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century), 1998. Specifically, the implementation of the legislation requiring citizen participation will be reviewed in an effort to evaluate how the policy process and citizen participation relate to each other and to the legislation in order to determine how the process relates to the desired outcomes for involvement.