Science · 2004 · 795 citations · 25 references
Natural SciencesEnvironmental SciencesMeteorologyAtmospheric RadiationAtmospheric ScienceClimate ScienceAerosol-cloud InteractionsCloud DynamicsCloud FormationCloud ProcessesCloud PropertiesCloud-aerosol InteractionsAerosol Direct Radiative EffectAerosol Indirect Radiative EffectBiomass Burning Aerosol EffectsCloud Cover ClimatologyCloud Radiative Effects In Climate ModelsCloud Radiative Heating EffectsOptical DepthUrban Cloud Cover
Urban air pollution and smoke from fires have been modeled to reduce cloud formation by absorbing sunlight, thereby cooling the surface and heating the atmosphere. Satellite data over the Amazon region during the biomass burning season showed that scattered cumulus cloud cover was reduced from 38%in clean conditions to 0%for heavy smoke (optical depth of 1.3). This response to the smoke radiative effect reverses the regional smoke instantaneous forcing of climate from -28 watts per square meter in cloud-free conditions to +8 watts per square meter once the reduction of cloud cover is accounted for.
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The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
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