Creatinine adjustment of biological monitoring results

Abstract

Gender differences in creatinine concentrations and the range of 0.3-3.0 g/l (2.653 and 26.53 mmol/l) traditionally used for confirming acceptability of urine samples mean that 2.5% of samples from male and 9% from female workers were flagged as 'low creatinine' and required a repeat sample. In addition, care should be taken interpreting any apparent gender differences in BM results to ensure that they are due to exposure and not an artefact of creatinine adjustment.