ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks · 2007 · 234 citations · 29 references
ComputingComputer EngineeringComputer NetworksLow-power DesignWireless CommunicationsNetwork Performance AnalysisNetwork ProtocolsSensor NetworksWireless Communication ProtocolsWireless NetworksWireless Sensor NetworksContention ModelingEnergy ConsumptionEnergy-efficient Wireless Sensor NetworksIeee 802.15.4Low-power Wireless CommunicationWireless Network PerformanceWireless NetworkingWireless Personal Area Networks
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY‑MAC specifications for low‑rate, low‑power, low‑cost wireless personal area networks aim to enable widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks across commercial applications. The study evaluates the throughput and energy efficiency of the contention access period in IEEE 802.15.4 and proposes a modification for scenarios that omit MAC‑level acknowledgements. The authors model the contention access period as nonpersistent CSMA with backoff and validate the analysis with extensive ns‑2 simulations. Shutting down the radio between transmissions yields significant power savings while maintaining throughput in applications where an inactive superframe period is undesirable.
The recent ratification of IEEE 802.15.4 PHY-MAC specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks represents a significant milestone in promoting deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for a variety of commercial uses. The 15.4 specifications specifically target wireless networking among low-rate, low-power and low-cost devices that is expected to be a key market segment for a large number of WSN applications. In this article, we first analyze the performance of the contention access period specified in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in terms of throughput and energy consumption. This analysis is facilitated by a modeling of the contention access period as nonpersistent CSMA with backoff. We show that, in certain applications in which having an inactive period in the superframe may not be desirable due to delay constraints, shutting down the radio between transmissions provides significant savings in power without significantly compromising the throughput. We also propose and analyze the performance of a modification to the specification which could be used for applications in which MAC-level acknowledgements are not used. Extensive ns -2 simulations are used to verify the analysis.
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Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges
Chee-Yee Chong, Sanjeev Kumar · Proceedings of the IEEE · 2003 · 3.1K citations