A Multilevel Framework

Abstract

This article reviews the literature on the micro (i.e., individual level) and macro levels (i.e., organizational level) of positive behavior to propose a framework that includes seven levels of positive behaviors—individual, dyadic, team/group, organizational, community, societal, and environmental levels. The micro level of positive organizational behavior is extended from the individual level to include the dyadic and team/group levels. The macro level of positive organizational scholarship is extended from the organizational level to include the community, societal, and environmental levels. The role of leadership as antecedents to positive behaviors is also developed. Three positive forms of leadership (i.e., transformational leadership, servant leadership, and authentic leadership) are used as antecedents, and the potential multilevel outcomes associated with positive behavior are explored. This article provides testable propositions and sets the stage for future empirical research.