High-performance microprocessor design

TLDR

The paper reviews technologies that enable Alpha microprocessors to achieve high performance. The design approach focuses on high‑frequency architecture, optimized CMOS technology, complex circuit styles, and custom CAD tools to meet aggressive cycle‑time goals. Three Alpha microprocessor generations were designed using a proven custom methodology.

Abstract

Three generations of Alpha microprocessors have been designed using a proven custom design methodology. The performance of these microprocessors was optimized by focusing on high-frequency design. The Alpha instruction set architecture facilitates high clock speed, and the chip organization for each generation was carefully chosen to meet critical paths. Digital has developed six generations of CMOS technology optimized for high-frequency design. Complex circuit styles were used extensively to meet aggressive cycle time goals. CAD tools were developed internally to support these designs. This paper discusses some of the technologies that have enabled Alpha microprocessors to achieve high performance.