Prelaunch characteristics of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on EOS-AM1

TLDR

MODIS delivers 42 standard data products covering atmospheric aerosols, snow cover, land and water surface temperature, leaf area index, ocean chlorophyll, sea ice extent, and more, with subsystem details available on its homepage. The MODIS Science Team aims to deliver algorithms that will routinely calculate these 42 standard data products after launch. System‑level testing in ambient and thermal‑vacuum conditions verified compliance and enabled radiometric calibration algorithms that adjust for scan angle, temperature, and linearity, and validated onboard calibration systems (SDSM, BB, SRCA) for post‑launch performance monitoring. MODIS, a 36‑band instrument with 0.25–1.0 km GIFOVs, has completed system‑level testing, been integrated onto EOS‑AM1 for a 1998 launch,.

Abstract

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), with 36 bands and 0.25-, 0.5-, and 1.0-km geometric instantaneous-fields-of-view (GIFOVs) at nadir, has completed system level testing and has been integrated onto the Earth Observing System (EOS)-AM1 spacecraft, which is slated for launch in 1998. Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS), Goleta, CA, the MODIS developer, has performed extensive characterization and calibration measurements that have demonstrated a system that meets or exceeds most of NASA's demanding requirements. Based on this demonstrated capability, the MODIS Science Team, an international group of 28 land, ocean, atmosphere, and calibration remote-sensing scientists, has commenced delivery of algorithms that will routinely calculate 42 MODIS standard data products postlaunch. These products range from atmospheric aerosols, snow cover, and land and water surface temperature to leaf area index, ocean chlorophyll concentration, and sea ice extent, to name just a few. A description of the Science Team, including members' research interests and descriptions of their MODIS algorithms, can be found at the MODIS homepage (http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS/MODIS.html). The MODIS system level testing included sufficient measurements in both ambient and thermal-vacuum environments to both demonstrate specification compliance and enable postlaunch implementation of radiometric calibration algorithms. The latter will include calculations to account for changes in response versus scan angle, response versus temperature, and response linearity. The system level tests also included performance verification of the onboard calibration systems, including the solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM), the blackbody (BB), and the spectral radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA), which will enahle monitoring of MODIS performance postlaunch. Descriptions of these subsystems are also on the MODIS homepage.