Climate‐Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture

TLDR

Climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation demand that tropical agricultural landscapes enhance both adaptive capacity and mitigation potential, yet adaptation and mitigation are often pursued separately due to technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. The study demonstrates that tropical agricultural systems can deliver simultaneous mitigation and adaptation benefits when designed and managed with landscape context in mind, but achieving this requires transformative policy, institutional, and funding reforms to enable widespread climate‑smart adoption. The authors argue that many adaptation and mitigation activities overlap with those needed for sustainable agriculture, and that a landscape‑scale perspective unlocks new synergies. Integrating adaptation and mitigation in agricultural landscapes yields benefits beyond climate change, including improved food security, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation.

Abstract

Abstract Addressing the global challenges of climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation requires enhancing the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agricultural landscapes across the tropics. However, adaptation and mitigation activities tend to be approached separately due to a variety of technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. Here, we demonstrate that many tropical agricultural systems can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits if they are designed and managed appropriately and if the larger landscape context is considered. Many of the activities needed for adaptation and mitigation in tropical agricultural landscapes are the same needed for sustainable agriculture more generally, but thinking at the landscape scale opens a new dimension for achieving synergies. Intentional integration of adaptation and mitigation activities in agricultural landscapes offers significant benefits that go beyond the scope of climate change to food security, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation. However, achieving these objectives will require transformative changes in current policies, institutional arrangements, and funding mechanisms to foster broad‐scale adoption of climate‐smart approaches in agricultural landscapes.