Climate-smart agriculture is an integrated approach to managing landscapes—cropland, livestock, forests, and fisheries—that addresses the interconnected challenges of food security and climate change. As a research concept and methodological framework, it investigates strategies, technologies, and policies aimed at sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing or removing greenhouse gas emissions, thereby transforming agricultural systems for enhanced resilience and sustainability essential for global food security.