Expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial neoplasm of the urinary bladder

Abstract

Compared to benign bladders, a significant decrease in the expression of AR, ERα or ERβ in bladder cancer was seen. Loss of AR or ERα was strongly associated with higher grade/more invasive tumours, whereas ERβ expression was increased in high-grade/invasive tumours and predicted a worse prognosis.