The Structure of Working Memory From 4 to 15 Years of Age.

TLDR

The study examined how working memory structure develops in children aged 4–15. Participants completed a battery of tests probing each component of the Baddeley–Hitch working memory model. Performance on all working‑memory measures followed linear age trends, and from age 6 onward a three‑factor model aligned with the Baddeley–Hitch framework, indicating that the modular structure is established by age 6 and expands substantially through adolescence.

Abstract

The structure of working memory and its development across the childhood years were investigated in children 4-15 years of age. The children were given multiple assessments of each component of the A. D. Baddeley and G. Hitch (1974) working memory model. Broadly similar linear functions characterized performance on all measures as a function of age. From 6 years onward, a model consisting of 3 distinct but correlated factors corresponding to the working memory model provided a good fit to the data. The results indicate that the basic modular structure of working memory is present from 6 years of age and possibly earlier, with each component undergoing sizable expansion in functional capacity throughout the early and middle school years to adolescence.