Conceptual Issues in Response‐Time Modeling

TLDR

The paper reviews two traditions of response‑time modeling—distinct models for RTs and responses versus integrated models—and analyzes key conceptual issues underlying both. It proposes a hierarchical framework that aligns with the distinct‑model tradition while integrating parameter structures at a second level. The framework is illustrated with two examples and a fundamental equation linking item response times to test‑taker speed and item time intensity, which forms the core of the model. Empirical applications of the framework are reviewed, showing its practical value.

Abstract

Two different traditions of response‐time (RT) modeling are reviewed: the tradition of distinct models for RTs and responses, and the tradition of model integration in which RTs are incorporated in response models or the other way around. Several conceptual issues underlying both traditions are made explicit and analyzed for their consequences. We then propose a hierarchical modeling framework consistent with the first tradition but with the integration of their parameter structures as a second level of modeling. Two examples of the framework are presented. Also, a fundamental equation is derived which relates the RTs on test items to the speed of the test taker and the time intensity of the items. The equation serves as the core of the RT model in the framework. Finally, empirical applications of the framework demonstrating its practical value are reviewed.