IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · 1978 · 148 citations · 3 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringCircuit TheoryMicroelectronicsMicrowave EngineeringMicrowave MeasurementsMicrowave Noise AnalysisNoiseNoise In Electronic DevicesNoise MeasurementSmall-signal AnalysisLinear Two-port NetworksLow-frequency ModelingMicrowave DevicesMicrowave Noise CharacterizationMicrowave Two-port AnalysisNoise Factor ModelingNoise Parameter ExtractionNoise Parameters
Noise temperature or noise factor are important parameters for many microwave devices. Their dependence on source characteristics is classically established using low-frequency concepts such as impedance, admittance, voltage, and current sources. This paper presents a derivation of the noise properties of linear two-ports in terms of noise waves, which leads to a convenient measurement method in distributed systems.
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Horst Rothe, Walter E. Dahlke · Proceedings of the IRE · 1956 · 417 citations
The determination of device noise parameters
Richard Q. Lane · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1969 · 275 citations
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering +16
Wave Representation of Amplifier Noise
P. Penfield · IRE Transactions on Circuit Theory · 1962 · 76 citations