Distributed Fountain Codes for Networked Storage

Abstract

We investigate the problem of constructing fountain codes for distributed storage in sensor networks. Specifically, we assume that there are n storage nodes with limited memory and k < n data nodes generating the data by sensing the environment. We want a data collector who can appear anywhere in the network, to query any k + epsi storage nodes and be able to retrieve almost all the data packets. We demonstrate how it is possible to solve this problem by using a specific kind of fountain code that requires only linear communication and decoding complexity. Further, for a grid topology, we propose a randomized algorithm that constructs the fountain code over a network using only geographical knowledge and local decisions. A key step in the analysis of our algorithm is a novel result concerning random walks on finite grids with traps