Television and Voter Turnout*
The Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2006 · 786 citations · 44 references
Media StudiesTelevision StudyVoting BehaviorInteractive TelevisionMedia EffectsElection ForecastingPublic OpinionPolitical CoverageSocial SciencesPolitical CommunicationPolitical BehaviorVoter TurnoutArtsElection SurveysPolitical ScienceJournalismTelevisionCivic Engagement
The study argues that television displaces other politically informative media, thereby reducing voter turnout. The author exploits staggered market entry of television to estimate its effect on turnout. Television entry sharply reduces turnout, explaining a quarter to half of the post‑1950 decline, and is associated with lower newspaper/radio use, reduced political knowledge, especially in off‑year congressional contests.
I use variation across markets in the timing of television's introduction to identify its impact on voter turnout. The estimated effect is significantly negative, accounting for between a quarter and a half of the total decline in turnout since the 1950s. I argue that substitution away from other media with more political coverage provides a plausible mechanism linking television to voting. As evidence for this, I show that the entry of television in a market coincided with sharp drops in consumption of newspapers and radio, and in political knowledge as measured by election surveys. I also show that both the information and turnout effects were largest in off-year congressional elections, which receive extensive coverage in newspapers but little or no coverage on television.
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