Sub‐10 nm Lanthanide‐Doped CaF₂ Nanoprobes for Time‐Resolved Luminescent Biodetection

Abstract

Small but bright—just right! Codoping with sodium enabled the synthesis of highly emissive and ultrasmall (<10 nm) CaF2:Ln3+ nanoparticles that were effective as sensitive probes for the detection of soluble uPAR (an important tumor marker) by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET; see picture; FITC=fluorescein isothiocyanate). The nanoprobes were also used successfully for uPAR-targeted cancer-cell imaging. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.