Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity

TLDR

The study aims to characterize Mexico’s epidemiological and nutritional transition and its determinants, emphasizing the need for reliable data on diet and physical activity to understand obesity’s role. The authors analyzed age‑adjusted mortality rates for AMI, diabetes, and hypertension (1980‑1998), prevalence of overweight/obesity and dietary intake trends (1988‑1999), and food‑purchase and expenditure data (1984‑1989) at national, regional, urban, and rural levels. Mortality rates for diabetes, AMI, and hypertension rose sharply alongside obesity, with higher fat intake and refined carbohydrate consumption emerging as potential risk factors, while total energy intake and food purchase patterns did not explain the obesity increase, underscoring the need for obesity‑prevention measures.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to characterise the epidemiological and nutritional transition and their determinants in Mexico.Age-adjusted standardised mortality rates (SMRs) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus and hypertension were calculated for 1980-1998. Changes in the prevalences of overweight and obesity in women and children and of dietary intake from 1988 to 1999 were also used in the analysis. Quantities of food groups purchased by adult equivalent (AE) and food expenditures away from home between 1984 and 1989 were used to assess trends. All information was analysed at the national and regional levels, and by urban and rural areas.SMR for diabetes, AMI and hypertension increased dramatically parallel to obesity at the national and regional levels. Fat intake in women and the purchase of refined carbohydrates, including soda, also increased.The results suggest that obesity is playing a role in the increased SMRs of diabetes, AMI and hypertension in Mexico. Total energy dietary intake and food purchase data could not explain the rise in the prevalence of obesity. The increases in fat intake and the purchase of refined carbohydrates may be risk factors for increased mortality. Information on physical activity was not available.SMRs due to diabetes, hypertension and AMI have increased dramatically in parallel with the prevalence of obesity; therefore actions should be taken for the prevention of obesity. Reliable information about food consumption and physical activity is required to assess their specific roles in the aetiology of obesity.