Differential NF-κB pathways induction by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance

TLDR

The study aims to uncover how immune tolerance to commensal gut bacteria is achieved. A randomized double‑blind placebo‑controlled cross‑over trial had healthy adults ingest live or heat‑killed Lactobacillus plantarum, after which duodenal biopsies were analyzed by whole‑genome microarrays and pathway reconstruction. Live L.

Abstract

How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensal Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses to L. plantarum in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killed L. plantarum bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of living L. plantarum bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.