Numerical Heat Transfer Part A Applications · 2003 · 49 citations · 24 references
Binary Metal AlloyEngineeringMechanical EngineeringComputational MechanicsMesh SpacingGrid ResolutionNumerical SimulationSolidificationMaterials ScienceSolid MechanicsWeld Pool SolidificationMetal Forming3D PrintingMicrostructureCoarse GridNatural SciencesApplied PhysicsAlloy DesignAlloy PhaseAlloy CastingSolid ModelingMechanics Of MaterialsMetal ProcessingMultiscale Modeling
Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed of freckling during directional solidification of a binary metal alloy. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the predictions to the grid resolution. Detailed results are provided for the liquid concentration, solid fraction, and liquid velocity distributions at different times. It is shown that, while it is possible to simulate freckle formation with a relatively coarse grid, many local details are predicted inaccurately. The results for the finest grid indicate that complete grid independence is difficult to achieve given present-day computing resources.
24
Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
Chia‐Jung Hsu · Nuclear Science and Engineering · 1981 · 15.2K citations
The origin of freckles in unidirectionally solidified castings
S. M. Copley, A. F. Giamei, S. M. Johnson et al. · Metallurgical Transactions · 1970 · 435 citations
M. Grae Worster · Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics · 1997 · 311 citations