Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: Results from the second phase

TLDR

The Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) initiative is a community‑driven exercise that began in 1999 to benchmark radiation transfer models used for terrestrial surface reflectance. This paper outlines the benchmarking protocol and presents the results of RAMI’s second phase conducted in 2002. The second phase consisted of a rerun of all direct‑mode tests from phase one to include upgraded and new models, and a separate component that evaluated three‑dimensional models in complex heterogeneous forest canopy environments resembling space instrument observations. The results confirm that most models agree on simple radiation transfer problems but show significant discrepancies in more complex, realistic geophysical scenarios, and the study offers recommendations for future phases. © 2001.

Abstract

The Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) initiative is a community‐driven exercise to benchmark the models of radiation transfer (RT) used to represent the reflectance of terrestrial surfaces. Systematic model intercomparisons started in 1999 as a self‐organized, open‐access, voluntary activity of the RT modeling community. The results of the first phase were published by Pinty et al. [2001] . The present paper describes the benchmarking protocol and the results achieved during the second phase, which took place during 2002. This second phase included two major components: The first one included a rerun of all direct‐mode tests proposed during the first phase, to accommodate the evaluation of models that have been upgraded since, and the participation of new models into the entire exercise. The second component was designed to probe the performance of three‐dimensional models in complex heterogeneous environments, which closely mimic the observations of actual space instruments operating at various spatial resolutions over forest canopy systems. Phases 1 and 2 of RAMI both confirm not only that a majority of the radiation transfer models participating in RAMI are in good agreement between themselves for relatively simple radiation transfer problems but also that these models exhibit significant discrepancies when considering more complex but nevertheless realistic geophysical scenarios. Specific recommendations are provided to guide the future of this benchmarking program (Phase 3 and beyond).